Founded in 1975, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (MacArthur) is an independent private foundation based in Chicago, United States, with offices in India, Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia. The Foundation manages over USD 5.8 billion in assets and is focused on improving society through arts and culture, community and economic development, conservation and sustainable development, and digital media and learning. MacArthur provides grants and loans to organizations based both in the United States and abroad through four programs: International Programs, U.S. Programs, Media, Culture and Special Initiatives, and the MacArthur Fellows Program. For three decades, MacArthur's creatively designed program-related investments (PRIs) have furthered the impact of its US and international programs, including a major initiative dedicated to preserving US affordable rental housing, and other efforts focused on community development, health, education and conservation. Today, MacArthur makes PRIs and mission-related investments through a dedicated USD 300 million portfolio that provides debt, equity and credit enhancement to more than 100 NGOs, public-private partnerships, intermediaries and mission-driven enterprises.